PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.